Electro-Dialysis is a process that separates ions from solutions, typically water, by applying an electric field. The technique is rooted in the fields of Physical Chemistry and Environmental Physics. It is extensively used in water treatment and desalination processes. The efficiency of Electro-Dialysis is determined by parameters such as solution normality, flow rate, removal efficiency, the number of cells, and current efficiency.
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Electro-Dialysis is a type of membrane filtration where an electric potential is used to drive ion separation. The ions in a solution are moved by the influence of an electric field, making it a critical concept in fields such as Physical Chemistry, Environmental Science and Electrochemistry. This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of Electro-Dialysis, including its key calculations and formulas.
An important equation in Electro-Dialysis is the Nernst-Planck equation, which is used to calculate the flux of ions. The equation is given as:
The Nernst-Planck equation was developed by the German physicists Walther Nernst and Max Planck. Nernst received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1920 for his work in Thermochemistry, while Planck is known for his development of quantum theory, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.
The removal efficiency of an ion in Electro-Dialysis can be calculated using the following formula:
The removal efficiency formula used in Electro-Dialysis is derived from fundamental principles of physics and chemistry and is not attributed to a single individual. The concept of Thiele Modulus was developed by Ernst Thiele, a German-American chemist, in the early 20th century. This concept is fundamental in understanding reaction rates in porous catalysts and has been adapted to many different fields, including Electro-Dialysis.
Electro-Dialysis has a wide range of applications in real life. It is predominantly used in water treatment plants and desalination systems to remove unwanted ions and impurities from water, thereby making it safe for consumption and use.
Key individuals include Walther Nernst and Max Planck, who formulated the Nernst-Planck equation. Their work laid the foundation for our understanding of ion transport in solutions, a concept vital to Electro-Dialysis and numerous other applications in science and engineering.
Ernst Thiele is a key figure in the understanding of processes like Electro-Dialysis, with his work on the Thiele Modulus being pivotal to the discipline. Furthermore, Robert K. Finn, a chemical engineer, made significant contributions to the development and implementation of Electro-Dialysis in the mid-20th century.
Electro-Dialysis is a vital concept in Physical Chemistry and Environmental Physics, playing a significant role in water treatment and desalination. A comprehensive understanding of this topic enables us to devise efficient and sustainable methods for water purification, contributing to addressing water scarcity issues worldwide.
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